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Supremo decide criminalizar a homofobia como forma de racismo

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Supremo decide criminalizar a homofobia como forma de racismo

Após seis sessões de julgamento, o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) decidiu nesta quinta-feira (13) criminalizar a homofobia como forma de racismo. Ao finalizar o julgamento da questão, a Corte declarou a omissão do Congresso em aprovar a matéria e determinou que casos de agressões contra o público LGBT (lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, transexuais e travestis) sejam enquadrados como o crime de racismo até que uma norma específica seja aprovada pelo Congresso Nacional.
Por 8 votos a 3, os ministros entenderam que o Congresso não pode deixar de tomar as medidas legislativas que foram determinadas pela Constituição para combater atos de discriminação. A maioria também afirmou que a Corte não está legislando, mas apenas determinando o cumprimento da Constituição.

Pela tese definida no julgamento, a homofobia também poderá ser utilizada como qualificadora de motivo torpe no caso de homicídios dolosos ocorridos contra homossexuais.

Religiosos e fiéis não poderão ser punidos por racismo ao externarem suas convicções doutrinárias sobre orientação sexual desde que suas manifestações não configurem discurso discriminatório.

Votos

Na sessão desta quinta-feira, a ministra Cármen Lúcia seguiu a maioria formada no julgamento do dia 23 de maio e entendeu que a Constituição garante que ninguém será submetido a tratamento desumano.

“Numa sociedade discriminatória como a que vivemos, a mulher é diferente, o negro é diferente, o homossexual é diferente, o transexual é o diferente, diferente de quem traçou o modelo porque tinha poder para ser o espelho. Preconceito tem a ver com poder e comando”, disse.

Em seguida, o ministro Ricardo Lewandowski votou pela omissão do Congresso, mas entendeu que a conduta de homofobia não pode ser enquadrada como racismo pelo Judiciário, mas somente pelo Legislativo. O presidente do STF, Dias Toffoli, também seguiu o mesmo entendimento.

“A extensão do tipo penal para abarcar situações não especificamente tipificadas pela norma penal incriminadora parece-me atentar contra o princípio da reserva legal, que constitui uma fundamental garantia dos cidadãos, que promove a segurança jurídica de todos”, disse Lewandowski.

Gilmar Mendes também seguiu a maioria e disse que a Constituição obriga a criminalização de condutas discriminatórias.

“Estamos a falar do reconhecimento do direito de minorias, direitos fundamentais básicos. Os mandamentos constitucionais de criminalização do racismo e todas as formas de criminalização não se restringem a demandar uma formalização de políticas públicas voltadas a essa finalidade”, disse Mendes.

Marco Aurélio divergiu da maioria a favor da criminalização e disse que o STF está invadindo a competência do Congresso Nacional ao tipificar crimes. Os ministros Celso de Mello e Edson Fachin, relatores das ações julgadas, além dos ministros Alexandre de Moraes, Luís Roberto Barroso, Rosa Weber, Luiz Fux votaram nas sessões anteriores a favor da criminalização.

Julgamento

O caso foi discutido na Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade por Omissão (ADO) nº 26 e no Mandado de Injunção nº 4.733, ações protocoladas pelo PPS e pela Associação Brasileiras de Gays, Lésbicas e Transgêneros (ABGLT).

As entidades defenderam que a minoria LGBT deve ser incluída no conceito de “raça social”, e os agressores punidos na forma do crime de racismo, cuja conduta é inafiançável e imprescritível. A pena varia entre um e cinco anos de reclusão, de acordo com a conduta.

Em fevereiro, no início do julgamento, o advogado-geral da União (AGU), André Mendonça, reprovou qualquer tipo de conduta ilícita em relação à liberdade de orientação sexual, mas entendeu que o Judiciário não tem poderes legais para legislar sobre matéria penal, somente o Congresso.

A mesma posição foi defendida pelo representante da Associação Nacional de Juristas Evangélicos (Anajure), o advogado da entidade defendeu que o Congresso tenha a palavra final sobre o caso. Segundo a entidade, a comunidade LGBT deve ter seus direitos protegidos, mas é preciso assegurar que religiosos não sejam punidos por pregaram os textos bíblicos.

Pelo atual ordenamento jurídico, a tipificação de crimes cabe ao Poder Legislativo, responsável pela criação das leis. O crime de homofobia não está tipificado na legislação penal brasileira.

No mês passado, a Comissão de Constituição e Justiça (CCJ) do Senado Federal aprovou a mesma matéria, tipificando condutas preconceituosas contra pessoas LGBT. A medida ainda precisa ser aprovada pelo plenário da Casa. (Com informações da Agência Brasil/Antonio Cruz).

 

 

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